Tuesday, May 15, 2012

Plagiarism in a Book Chapter

The book titled “Oral and maxillofacial surgery”edited by Lars Andersson et al. contains a chapter on Distraction Osteogenesis written by Prof. Lim Cheung and his colleagues from The University of Hong Kong (Chapter 48). 




There is extensive plagiarism prevalent in this book chapter. Some parts of this chapter can be accessed via Google Books at http://tinyurl.com/7mb7rza . Please find below a side-by-side comparison of the text with the original sources (listed on the right).

Source No. 1

Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
McCarthy JG, Stelnicki EJ, Mehrara BJ, Longaker MT. Distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001 Jun;107(7):1812-27.
1027
1028
in 1972, when Snyder used a Swanson external fixation device to lengthen a canine mandible. In his experiment, Snyder surgically removed a 1.5 cm segment of one side of the mandible.9 The bone was allowed to heal and a severe crossbite developed. This was corrected 10 weeks later by performing an osteotomy, applying an external fixator and gradually relengthening the mandible.
until 1972, when Snyder used a Swanson external fixator to lengthen a canine mandible. 12 In this experiment, he surgically shortened one side of the mandible by removing a 1.5-cm segment and then allowed the bone to heal. This created a large crossbite that was surgically corrected 10 weeks later by attaching an external fixator, performing an osteotomy, and slowly expanding the device until the crossbite was normalized.
1028
1028
1041
The first experiment on midface was not initiated until 1993, when Rachmiel et al. began midfacial distraction on a sheep model.49
……the first true experiments on midface distraction were not initiated until 1993, when Rachmiel et al. began using an ovine model.120
1041
1044
1044
Source No. 2

Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Mikhail L. Samchukov, Marina R. Makarov, Alexander M. Cherkashin and John G. Birch. Distraction Osteogenesis of the Orthopedic Skeleton: Basic Principles and Clinical Applications. Orthopedic Biology and Medicine, 2008, 2, 183-198, DOI: 10.1007/978-1-59745-239-7_9
1028
1028
1028
1028
1028
1029
1030
Progresses toward the center of the distraction gap
1030
1030
1030
focal regions of chondrocytes surrounded by a mineralized matrix may be present, suggesting a third (transchondroid) type of bone formation in which cartilage forms, possibly due to decreased oxygen tension, but is then directly transformed into bone, rather than by the traditionally accepted endochondral pathway
1030
Remodeling is the period from the application of full functional loading to the complete remodeling of the newly formed bone.
the application of the full functional loading to the bone segment that contains the distraction regenerate.
1030
……the zone of primary trabeculae significantly decreases and later is resorbed completely
……the zone of primary trabeculae in the center of the regenerate significantly decreases and later is completely resorbed
1030
1030
Source No. 3
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Maull DJ. Review of devices for distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial complex. Semin Orthod. 1999 Mar;5(1):64-73.
1038
1041
Polley and Figueroa52 noted that an orthodontic facial mask with elastics was not sufficient to achieve the desired amount of forward movement. They developed a rigid external fixation system (RED; KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany
Polley and Figueroa36 realized that the face mask with elastics was not sufficiently rigid to achieve the desired amount of forward movement. They developed an adjustable rigid external fixation (RED; KLS-Martin LP) system
1041
1041
1041
Molina53 designed a unilateral orbito-malar distractor (KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) (Fig. 48.8c) that pushes the facial skeleton forward and this can be used in conjunction with a Le Fort III osteotomy.
Molina6 designed a unidirectional orbital malar distractor that is used in conjunction with a Le Fort III osteotomy (Wells Johnson Co).
.
1041-42
The self-contained rod is smooth and facilitates function and comfort. The activation portion of the rod exits percutaneously within the hair-bearing skin behind the ear and distraction up to 25 mm is achieved. The anterior point of the device has a pivot point that enables flexibility in placement to the malar bone at the frontozygomatic process.
The self-contained rod is smooth and facilitates function and comfort. The active portion of the rod exits percutaneously behind the ear and can be expanded up to 25 ram. The anterior point of the device has a point pivot that allows flexibility in placement behind the malar bone
1042
1042
The distraction devices were placed to correct the sagittal and vertical maxillary deficiency, expand the orbit and increase the length of the mandibular body. The vectors, chosen independently and the devices custom modified, enabled multiple distraction to proceed simultaneously.
The distraction devices were placed to correct the sagittal and vertical maxillary deficiency, expand the orbit, and increase mandibular body length. Each vector was chosen independently, the devices were custom modified, and multiple distractions proceeded simultaneously.
1042
Cohen4 further developed his miniature distraction devices, called the Modular Internal Distraction (MID) System (Stryker Leibinger; Fig 10). This is the first internal distraction system approved by the Food and Drug Administration for marketing. Two distractor frames are available to provide 15 m m or 30 m m of distraction
1042
The frames are attached to 1.7 mm Wurzburg threedimensional micromesh plates of varying sizes using 1.6 mm screws. A flexible activation cable exits percutaneously either at the pre- or postauricular skin, through the scalp, or intraorally.
The frames are attached to 1.7- ram mini Wurzburg three-dimensional mesh plates of varying sizes using 1.6-mm connecting screws. There is a flexible activation cable that exits percutaneously preauricularly or postauricularly, through the scalp, or intraorally.
1042
1043
Models of the skeleton are milled from computed topographic data to plan the surgery and determine the vector of the internal distraction bone-borne device.
Models of the skeleton are milled from computed tomographic data to plan the surgery and design their distractors.
1043
Chin and Toth’s surgical approach departed from the principles of Ilizarov by not observing a latency period but began activation immediately before closing the surgical site. They reported that 4–12 mm of distraction in the midface
Chin and Toth's approach to distraction departs from the principles outlined by Ilizarov in several ways. First, they perform a full-thickness osteotomy without preservation of the periosteum. Second, they do n o t observe a latency period, but begin distracting immediately, even before closing the surgical site. They reported a range of 4 mm to 12 mm of immediate distraction in the midface
Source No. 4
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Burstein FD. Resorbable distraction of the mandible: technical evolution and clinical experience. J Craniofac Surg. 2008 May;19(3):637-43.
1054
1054
1054
In 2000, Cohen et al13 published his initial work using a maxillary distraction device made of a resorbable polymer. This device required a second stage for stabilization………….. This new class of devices allowed for 1 -stage distraction osteogenesis of the craniofacial skeleton.
1054
Resorbable 1-stage mandibular distractors combine advances in resorbable materials and distraction to allow for predictable distraction with a single operation. Extensive studies of the safety and efficacy of resorbable fixation in children and infants have been published.17
1054
1054
Source No. 5
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Cope JB, Samchukov ML, Cherkashin AM. Mandibular distraction osteogenesis: a historic perspective and future directions. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 1999 Apr;115(4):448-60.
1031
In 1992, McCarthy used the Hoffman Mini Lengthener (Stryker Leibinger, Kalomazoo, MI, USA) to distract the mandibles in four children who presented with craniofacial anomalies.15 The appliance was initially designed for hand reconstruction, and was attached to the osteotomized bone segments with two pairs of pins.
In 1989, McCarthy et al37 were the first to clinically apply the technique of extraoral osteodistraction on four children with congenital craniofacial anomalies. They used a Hoffman Mini Lengthener (Howmedica Co., Rutherford, NJ) attached to the osteotomized bone segments with two pairs of pins
1032
A three-dimensional (3D) surgical correction is therefore necessary to restore the facial symmetry. To achieve an independent lengthening of the mandibular body and ramus combined with gradual angular correction
Therefore, in order to correct severe mandibular deformities in three-dimensional space, independent lengthening of the mandibular corpus and ramus must be combined with gradual angular adjustments
1034
1036
1038
1038
Source No. 6
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Gateno J, Engel ER, Teichgraeber JF, Yamaji KE, Xia JJ. A new Le Fort I internal distraction device in the treatment of severe maxillary hypoplasia. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Jan;63(1):148-54.
1042
1042
Source No.7
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Herford AS. Use of a plate-guided distraction device for transport distraction osteogenesis of the mandible. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004 Apr;62(4):412-20.
1051
1051
Source No. 8
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Chiapasco M, Lang NP, Bosshardt DD. Quality and quantity of bone following alveolar distraction osteogenesis in the human mandible. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2006 Aug;17(4):394-402.
1047
1047
1047
distractor is then fixed with mini-screws to both the basal bone and the osteotomized segment.The osteotomized segment should first be activated by the distractor to check the direction of distraction and freedom in movement.
……the intraoral distractor was fixated to both the basal bone and the osteotomized segment with 1.5 mm large titanium microscrews (Gebruder Martin GmbH & Co. KG). The osteotomized segment to be distracted was immediately moved by activating the distractor to check the direction of distraction and freedom in movements.
1047
Source No.9
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
1051
I N D I C A T I O N S :
Bilateral or unilateral wide alveolar cleft or
oronasal fistula in bilateral cleft lip and
palate patient.
Maxillary alveolar bony defect due to trauma.
Creating interdental edentulous space for
maxillary dental crowding.
Maxillary lengthening for maxillary hypoplasia
with or without dental crowding, and with or
without alveolar cleft.
1051
Source No. 10
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Abbaspour A, Takata S, Sairyo K, Katoh S, Yukata K, Yasui N. Continuous local infusion of fibroblast growth factor-2 enhances consolidation of the bone segment lengthened by distraction osteogenesis in rabbit experiment. Bone. 2008 Jan;42(1):98-106. Epub 2007 Sep 4.
1053
1054
1054
Source No.11
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Jayade CV, Ayoub AF, Khambay BS, Walker FS, Gopalakrishnan K, Malik NA, Srivastava D, Pradhan R. Skeletal stability after correction of maxillary hypoplasia by the Glasgow extra-oral distraction (GED) device. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Aug;44(4):301-7. Epub 2005 Sep 12.
1042
1042
Source No. 12
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Laster Z, Rachmiel A, Jensen OT. Alveolar width distraction osteogenesis for early implant placement. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005 Dec;63(12):1724-30.
1047
1047
1047
An osteotome is normally used crestally and a “green-stick” fracture is produced in the buccal plate.
An osteotome is introduced crestally and the buccal plate is "green-stick" fractured bucally
1047
Source No. 13
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Cohen SR. Craniofacial distraction with a modular internal distraction system: evolution of design and surgical techniques. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1999 May;103(6):1592-607.
1045
Source No. 14
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Koudstaal MJ, van der Wal KG, Wolvius EB, Schulten AJ. The Rotterdam Palatal Distractor: introduction of the new bone-borne device and report of the pilot study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Jan;35(1):31-5. Epub 2005 Sep 8.
1045
Recently, the Rotterdam Palatal Distractor and Magdeburg Palatal Distractor (KLS Martin, Tuttlingen, Germany) were developed ( 48.11b, c). The Rotterdam Palatal Distractor is based on the mechanical principle of a car jack. 74 On activation, the nails of the abutment plates penetrate the bone and stabilize the device hence no screws are necessary for fixation of the device.
A new bone-borne palatal distractor, the Rotterdam Palatal Distractor (RPD; KLS Martin, Postfach 60, D-78501 Tuttlingen, Germany) has been developed based on the mechanical properties of a car jack. By activation the nails of the abutments plates penetrate the bone and automatically stabilizes the device. No screw fixation is necessary
1045
1045
the Magdeburg distractor. This device has to be fixed with screws to the palatal bone and can be applied submucosally or epimucosally. This device has proven to be useful in patients with acquired deformity.
Source No. 15
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Saulacic N, Iizuka T, Martin MS, Garcia AG. Alveolar distraction osteogenesis: a systematic review. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Jan;37(1):1-7. Epub 2007 Sep 5.
1047
Source No. 16
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Chiapasco M, Zaniboni M, Rimondini L. Autogenous onlay bone grafts vs. alveolar distraction osteogenesis for the correction of vertically deficient edentulous ridges: a 2-4-year prospective study on humans. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2007 Aug;18(4):432-40. Epub 2007 May 14.
1047
1047
….bone segment to be vertically distracted was completely separated from the basal bone. the intraoral distractor was fixated to both the basal bone and the osteotomized segment with titanium microscrews. The osteotomized segment to be distracted was immediately moved by activating the distractor to check the vector of distraction and freedom in movements.
Source No. 17
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Riediger D, Poukens JM.Le Fort III osteotomy: a new internal positioned distractor. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003 Aug;61(8):882-9.
1043
1044
1044
Source No. 18
Page No.
Text by Cheung et al. in the Book Chapter
Gosain A.K. Distraction Osteogenesis of the Craniofacial Skeleton. Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery. January 2001 - Volume 107 - Issue 1 - pp 278-280
1041
1043

1 comment:

  1. Also another recent book on Forensic Entomologist contains some plagiarized parts by Brazilian authors. Looking further into the case an interesting plot with retracted papers and scadals is unveiled. See brief comments on the plagiarized sections in a book review online:

    http://www.eje.cz/scripts/viewabstract.php?abstract=1644

    ReplyDelete